Here are some notes on using special characters on a German keyboard in VMware Fusion on Mac OS X.

The basic rule is Ctrl-Alt plus the special character as listed on my Logitech G15 keyboard (which has special characters listed in the bottom right of each key).

Character Shortcut (DE keyboard)
@ Ctrl-Alt-Q
\ (backslash) Ctrl-Alt-ß
€ (Euro symbol) Ctrl-Alt-E
| (pipe symbol) Ctrl-Alt-<
~ (tilde) Ctrl-Alt-+
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